Workplace exposure to UV radiation and strategies to minimize cancer risk

Background: Workplace exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) causes malignant
melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. The evidence for beneficial
effects of solar UV exposure in reducing the risks for other cancers is
increasing. The intensity of UV radiation at the Earth’s surface is dependent
on latitude, but even in northern European countries exposure can be high
enough for outdoor work to cause skin cancer.
Growing points: Awareness of the health risks and benefits of occupational
solar UV exposure is poor. Actions to reduce the risk of skin cancer have
been identified and employers should recognize their responsibility to
actively manage these risks. There is evidence for reduced risks for breast,
ovarian and colorectal cancer and possibly other cancers linked to solar UV
exposure.
Sources of data: This narrative review draws on published scientific articles
and material designed to assist identifying strategies to protect workers
from solar UV exposure.
Areas of agreement: Solar UV exposure can be harmful. Wavelengths in
the UVB range are more effective in causing erythema and DNA damage.
Solar UV is the main source of vitamin D for most people. Primary and
secondary prevention for skin cancer can potentially eliminate these risks
but the evidence for effectiveness is limited.
Areas of controversy: Potential health benefits of UV exposure, particularly
for reduced cancer risk. Determining and communicating optimal exposure to maximize health benefits. The risk of non-melanoma skin cancers may be
more than doubled for some workers in temperate latitudes.
Areas timely for developing research: Exposure-response epidemiological
studies; studies of the health benefits of occupational UV exposure; studies
of the effectiveness of intervention strategies to prevent skin cancer. Use of
low-cost UV sensors in workplaces